Formal Science is the branch of science dealing with abstract concepts. It
includes the sub-branches of logic and mathematics.
I.
Logic - the study of the principles of
reasoning, especially of the structure of
propositions as distinguished from their content and of method and
validity in deductive
reasoning.
II.
Mathematics - the study of the
measurement, properties, and relationships of quantities and sets, using numbers and symbols.
Humanistic Science is the major branch dealing with the
interaction between people and the world. It is sometimes also referred to as
Cultural Science. The sub-branches in the humanistic sciences include behavioral
science and social science. Many of the fields of study within the humanistic
sciences involve interactions between the behavioral and social sciences.
I.
Behavioral science - A scientific
discipline, such as sociology, anthropology, or psychology, in which the
actions and reactions of humans and animals are studied through observational
and experimental methods.
II.
Social science - The study of human society and of
individual relationships in and to society. It includes sociology, political science,
and economics.
Natural Science is the major branch most commonly recognized as “science”.
It is the branch of science dealing with the natural world and its different
processes. The sub-branches in natural science include the physical sciences
and the biological sciences.
Branches of Natural Science According
to Scope
I.
Physical Science – A
branch of science that deals with the nature and properties of energy and
nonliving matter.
A.
Physics - the study of matter and energy and the interactions between them.
a.
Kinetics – the study of forces and
motion
b.
Nuclear Physics – the study of atoms, their
nuclear structure and the behavior of nuclear particles.
c.
Quantum Mechanics – deals with the physical
measurement of atomic structures and related phenomena
d.
Aeronautics – the science of designing,
manufacturing and operating aircrafts.
e.
Theoretical Physics – it describes or explains
natural phenomena through mathematical data.
f.
Thermodynamics – deals with the study of
the relationship between heat and other forms of energy or work and its
conversion to another forms.
B.
Chemistry - the science that deals with
the composition, properties, reactions, and the structure of matter.
a.
Analytical Chemistry – deals with the
identification of the components and composition of materials.
b.
Organic Chemistry – deals with the study of
the properties and reactions of most carbon-carbon containing compounds.
c.
Inorganic Chemistry – deals with the study of
all substances other than organic compounds.
d.
Physical Chemistry – deals with the study of
properties and changes of matter and their relations to energy.
e.
Biochemistry – deals with the study of
substances and processes occurring in living things.
f.
Theoretical Chemistry – deals with the use of
mathematics and computers to understand behaviors of chemical substances
especially during chemical reactions.
C.
The Earth Sciences – the study of earth and its composition,
what processes happen in its interior and its surface, and how it is similar to
and different with other entities in space.
a.
Astronomy - the study of the universe
beyond the Earth's atmosphere.
b.
Geology - the science of the origin,
history, and structure of the Earth, and the physical, chemical, and biological
changes that it has experienced or is experiencing.
c.
Hydrology – the study of Earth’s waters
d.
Oceanography - the exploration and study of
the ocean.
e.
Paleontology - the science of the forms of
life that existed in prehistoric or geologic periods.
f.
Meteorology - the science that deals with
the atmosphere and its phenomena, such as weather and climate.
g.
Seismology – study of earthquakes and
other movements of the Earth’s crust.
III.
Biological Science – branch of natural science
that deals with the study of all living things
A. Zoology – study of animals
B. Botany – study of plants
C. Physiology - the study of various functions and processes
of living organisms
D. Anatomy-
the study of structure of plants and animals
E. Pathology – study of diseases
F. Entomology – the study of insects or
six-legged animals
G. Mammology – study of mammals
H. Herpetology – study of reptiles and
amphibians
I.
Ichthyology
– study
of fishes
J.
Concology
– study
of shells
K. Ecology – study of environment
and the interaction of organisms
L. Ornithology – study of birds
M. Parasitology – the study of parasites
and host relationship
N. Histology
- study of tissues of plants and animals
O. Cytology –
study of the formation, structure and function of cells
P. Genetics –
study of heredity and variation
Q. Taxonomy
– the science of identifying, naming and classifying organisms
R. Agriculture
– the science of cultivating soil to raw plants
S. Microbiology – study of microbes or
microorganisms
Branches of Natural Science According
to Function
I.
Pure Science – used in pursuit of new
knowledge. It deals with new discoveries that may or may not have current
practical applications.
II.
Applied Science – use the discoveries of
pure sciences to create practical solutions to existing problems and make products
that can be used in actual settings. Examples of these are engineering, medicine,
electronics, environmental science and computer science.
No comments:
Post a Comment