BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT MATTER

BASIC CONCEPTS ABOUT MATTER

Matter –  anything that has mass and occupies space.

PHYSICAL STATES OF MATTER

1.   Solid - has a definite shape and definite volume. It is rigid. The particles are packed tightly together in a fixed position.

2.   Liquid – has an indefinite shape and definite volume. It always takes the shape of its container. The particles are close       

              together but can slide past one another.

3.   Gas – has an indefinite shape and indefinite volume. It always completely fills its container adopting both of its

             volume and its shape.

4.   Plasma – a gas-like phase of matter that consists of charged particles.

5.   Bose-Einstein Condensate – the fifth sate of matter beyond solid. Particles are more ordered than solids.

PROPERTIES OF MATTER

I.     Physical Properties

-          Characteristics of substances that can be observed without altering the  identity of the substances.

1.   Qualitative Properties

-          Descriptive properties of a substance which cannot be given a mathematical value.

a.   Extrinsic properties – outside appearance of an object (color, shape)

b.   Intrinsic properties – properties that are innate on the object (taste, conductivity, malleability)

2.   Quantitative Properties

-          Properties which can be measured and given a specific mathematical value.

a.   Intensive properties – these are properties that does not change regardless of the amount of the substance. (I.e. melting point, boiling point, freezing point, density)

b.   Extensive properties – these are properties that change as the amount of substance changes. (i.e. mass, length, area, volume)

II.      Chemical Properties

-       Characteristics of a substances that describe the way the substance undergo or resist change to form a new substance.(I.e. flammability, combustibility, ability to corrode)

CHANGES IN MATTER

a.   Physical Change – a process that does not alter the basic nature( chemical composition) of the substance undergoing change.

Examples:

1.      Melting – solid turns into liquid.

2.      Freezing – also called as solidification, liquid turns into liquid. Water starts to freeze at 0ºC.

3.      Evaporation – a liquid turns into gas when it reaches its boiling point. Water’s boiling point is 100 ºC.

4.      Condensation – gas turns into liquid.

5.      Deposition – gas turns into solid.

6.      Sublimation – solid turns into gas.

b.   Chemical Changes – a process that involves a change in the basic nature (chemical composition) of the substance. When a chemical change happens, chemical reaction also happens wherein a new substance is produced or formed as a result of chemical change.